Magnetic Particle Inspection Or MPI - Exactly How Was It Discovered
It is essential that materials and machines are tested for defects before these are sold. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to make sure that all materials and machines sold are perfect, but this does not excuse the buyer from carrying out his/her own testing. Testing for surface and a bit subsurface defects such as voids, subsurface holes, pits, laps, seams, as well as cracks is carried out using non destructive testing equipment, the best being the magnetic particle inspection (MPI inspection) machine. This non destructive testing equipment is used for ferro-magnetic substances such as iron, nickel, and cobalt and their alloys like steel.
It is necessary that you know the history of MPI inspection and magnetic particle equipment so that you can have the correct context when doing your purchase and when using the device and the technology. The phenomenon of magnetism around which the magnetic particle equipment will depend was initially found by ancient Greeks following the discovery of a mineral which they called magnetite. The likes of Faraday, Bergmann, as well as Becquerel did a whole lot and made these discoveries as the impact of magnetism on liquids as well as gases.
The first noted use of magnetism in inspection was in 1868 when inspection for problems was carried out on cannon barrels. It was performed by sliding a magnetic compass along the barrel's length and the supervising of needle for deflections. A deflection was a proper sign that there was a mistake. This can be taken to be the initial non destructive testing machine, but the term non-destructive testing was not put to use until the time of the First World War.
William Hoke, in early 20s, noticed that colored metal shavings could find defects if put on a material or equipment that was magnetized. The finding occurred in his machine shop. This led to the making of the Electyro-Magnetic Steel Testing Device in 1928. It is thus sensible to credit William Hoke with MPI inspection. In the 30s, the oil-and-whiting process (which is the precursor to today's liquid penetrant inspection), started losing ground to MPI inspection. Each the dry and the wet procedures are used today and the same non destructive testing equipment is used in the two procedures. The magnetic particle equipment like we know it these days was created by Alfred Victor de Forest together with Foster Baird Doane. The two later asked the assistance of Carl E. Betz to make the machine much better. The magnetic particle machine comes in different kinds for various reasons and there is even a machine that is handheld for outdoor use.
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